Screw-driver.



No. 650,970. Patented June 5, I900. H. E. GARNER.

SGREW DRIVER.

(Application -fl1ed Mar. 2, 1900.)

(No Model.)

INVENTOR:

WITNESSES: -Zwiw By Aftomeys, Q

NITED STATES PATENT ,EEIQE.

HARRY ELMER GARNER, oE'EALTIMoRE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR OF oNE- HALF TOROBERT s. WALKER, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

SCREW-DRIVER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 650,970, dated June 5,1900.

Application filed March 2, 1900. Serial No. 7,088. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY ELMER GARNER, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city of Baltimore, State of Maryland, haveinvented,certain new and useful Improvements in Screw-Drivers, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention provides an improved screwdriver adapted to be used indriving screws in inaccessible placesthat is, where there is notsufficient room for the use of the ordinary screw-driver in a directionlongitudinally of the screw-body, but where accessmay be had to thescrew-head from a position at one side of the screw. It also providesother improvements in screw-drivers, which will be set forth in thefollowing specification and claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate practical embodiments ofmy invention, Figure 1' is a longitudinal sectional view. Fig. 2 is anend view looking toward the point of one of the blades. Fig. 3 is a viewof the position of the parts in the operation of uniting the side bladeto its hub. Fig. A is a view of the side blade and screw for holding thesame and showing the auxiliary screw-driver in position. Fig. 5 is aview of a modification.

The principal parts of the driver are a main, shank A, a handle B,attached to one end of said shank, and a blade 0, attached to the otherend either by being made integral therewith or in any other convenientmanner, and D is a sleeve on the shank A, rotatable, but held againstlongitudinal movement.

E is a'ring brazed onto the sleeve D, as shown, and carrying a secondaryshank F. 011 the shanks A and F, respectively, are a pair ofintermeshing beveled pinions G and H, and attached to the hub of thegear H is a blade K, extending at an angle to the shank A.

The handle B is attached to the shank A in of a nutL at the end thereofand a metal ring M, the latter embracing the shank A and the lower endof the handle B, as shown at N, and held in position on the shank'A bythe pin 0.

The pinion G is attached to the shank A, near its opposite end, in anyconvenient manner, preferably by means of a pin P, passing through thehub Q of said pinion and through the shank A. The length of the sleeve Dis just sufficient to prevent its having any longitudinal movement, itbeing restrained by the pinion G'at one end and the ring M at the other.It fits with sufficient looseness on the shank A to allow the shank toturn therein without difliculty.

The ring E has a stud R at one side thereof, and the shank F forms areduced extension of this stud, so as to leaye a shoulder S for thesupport of the pinibrhH, which revolves on said shank.

The pinion H has a hub T, Figs. 2 and 3, in the opposite sides of whichis a diametral slot U of a width equal to the thickness of the blade K.The bore of the pinion H and hub T is just sufficiently large to permitof their free rotation on the shank F, and the length of the shank Ffrom the shoulder S to its end is very slightlyin excess of the lengthof the borein the pinion and hub. The shank F, is, screw-threadedinternally at the end. The head of the blade K is bifurcated, as shownat V, being broadened, as shown at W, to enable this bifurcation to beaccomplished without weakening the blade. The width of the bifurcations'X is somewhat less than the radial thickness of the hub T; but thedistance between the other edges of the bifurcations is approximatelyequal to the outer diameter of the hub. At the end of each of thebifurcations is an inwardly-projecting portion Y, the distance betweenthe inner edges of the portions Y being equal to the internal diameterof the hub T, and the length of said projections is preferably equal tothat of the hub. The opening between the bifurcations is of sufficientheight to receive a screw Z of any convenient length andhaving a head CLof sufficient breadth to lap over the upper ends of the projections Y.any convenient manner, preferably-by means tion, as shown in Fig. 1, itis apparent that some dil'ficulty would be had in getting at the head ofthe screw Z to withdraw it or, in fact, to screw it into placeoriginally. For this purpose the auxiliary driver I) is used, as shownin Fig. The pinion II is set down on the shank F until it rests on theshoulder S, the shank F then projecting very slightly above the top ofthe hub T. The bifurcated ends X of the blade K are then forced into theslots U, the fit being purposely made very tight and considerable forcebeing necessary to drive the blade into place, so that it fits verytightly after being once set in place. The screw Z is then inserted in alateral direction into the space between the bifurcations (which isslightly wider than the head of the screw) and the end set in the end ofthe internal screw-thread fof the shank F. The auxiliary driver I) isthen set over the blade K, its plane making a right angle with the planeof the blade, and the ends (I are set in the groove in the head of thescrew. The driver I) is then held stationary, and the sleeve D isrevolved about the longitudinal axis of the shank F, carrying said shankwith it, the'pinion 11 being held stationary and the pinion G andconnected parts -revolving, or, the sleeve D being held stationary, thedriver I) is turned, carrying the screw into the end of the shank F andat the same time rotating the pinions H and G and connected parts. Thehead of the screw Z now holds the pinion II on its shank F in positionto engage with the pinion G and also holds the blade K, by means of theprojections Y, down into the slots in the hub T. The slots in the hub Tevidently hold the blade K against rotation relatively to said hub. Allthese parts are therefore very firmly and simply held together, so as toavoid any objectionable looseness or any possible slipping. Thedirection of the threads on the screw Z is such that if by any contactbetween the head of the screw and the hub T a tendency to turn saidscrew should result the tendency would be to turn it in a direction toscrew it more firmly into the end of the shank F- that is, of course,the direction in which the blade K is turned in tightening up a screw,as this is the much more frequent use of the screw-driver.

In operation the sleeve D forms a convenient means fol-grasping the tooland pressing the end of the blade K or of the blade G into the head ofthe screw with the left hand while turning said blade by means of thehandle B, the sleeve D remaining stationary in the hand. This sleeve isevidently capable of use with the ordinary straight screwdriver, as wellas with angled screw-drivers.

The use of the tool is believed to be clear without any furtherdescription. The blade 0 enables one to use the driver in ordinarycases, where there is plenty of room in all directions, but may beomitted without affecting the operation ot'the remaining parts. The

shank A would then end at the end of the hub Q.

As a modified means of fastening the angled blade to its shank I haveshown in Fig. 5 a blade K, mounted on a shank F in the following manner:The shank F has a reduced portion F into the end of which a screw Zfits. The hub T of the pinion II is extended beyond the length of theshank F and has at a point coinciding with the base of the reducedportion F an inner ring T, which is held between the shoulder S and thehead of the screw Z. The end of said sleeve T has a cylindrical orpolygonal interior T and the end of the blade K is shaped to fit thesame, as shown at K At a convenient point in said extended portion ofthe hub a screw Z passes through said hub and into the end K of theblade or may simply bear against said end, as an ordinary set-screw. Themode of fastening these parts together is obvious and needs no detailedexplanation.

Although I have described my invention with great particularity ofdetail, I am not to be understood as limiting myself specifically to thedetailed structure described, as it is obvious that many modificationsare possible without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The lateral screw-driver K may be secured in the pinion H by tinning thebifurcated ends of the blade before inserting them in the notch U in thepinion, so that after these ends, together with the screw, have beenillserted in position in the pinion the parts can be soldered togetherby raising their temperature to a soldering heat, which will cause thesolder between the blade and pinion to adhere,thus fixing these partsfirmly together.

The end of the auxiliary screw-driver l) is preferably made small enoughto enter the socket i in the pinion shown in Fig. 5, so that when thispinion is used the auxiliary screwdriverb can be used to manipulate itsscrew.

What I claim, therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, are thefollowing-defined novel elements each substantially as described:

1. In combination in a screw-driver, a shank, a rotatable memberthereon, a blade, recesses in said member and projections on said bladeadapted to fit into said recesses, and means on said shank for holdingsaid member and blade together.

2. In combination in a screw-driver, a shank, a rotatable memberthereon, ablade, recesses in said member and projections on said bladeadapted to fit into said recesses, and means on said shank for holdingsaid member and said blade together and said member on said shank.

In a screw-driver, in combination, a shank, a rotatable member thereon,a blade having a bifureated head, an inward projection from one of saidbifurcations, said rotatable member having recesses adapted to receivesaid bifurcations, and means attached to said shank and bearing againstsaid projection so as to prevent the withdrawal of the blade.

4. In combination in a screw-driver, a shank, a sleeve extendinglengthwise of said shank and adapted to be grasped by the hand to holdsaid driver in position, said shank being rotatable in said sleeve andhaving a handle at one end, a second shank on said sleeve, a bladerotatable on said second shank, and connections whereby the rotation ofsaid first shank rotates said blade.

5. In combination in a screw-driver, a main shank, a handle and a pinionfixed at opposite ends thereof, a rotatable sleeve held against end-wisemovement by said handle and pinion and adapted to be grasped by the handof the user, a secondary shank fixed on said sleeve, a pinion heldrotatably on said secondary shank, said pinions intermeshing with eachother, and a blade on said second pinion.

6. In combination, in a screw-driver, a main shank, a handle and apinion fixed on said shank, a sleeve rotatable thereon, a secondaryshank fixed on said sleeve, a pinion rotatable on said secondary shankand interlneshing with said first pinion, a hubon said second pinion, ablade, and means connected to said secondary shank for holding saidblade on said hub and said hub and pinion on said secondary shank.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence ofsubscribing witnesses.

, HARRY ELMER GARNER. Witnesses:

W. A. HART, J12, WM. HOOPER,

FELIX R. SULLIVAN.

